India's 5-Crore Case Backlog: What's Broken and What Can Fix It

India had over 5.5 crore pending cases as of early 2026, with ~85% stuck in district courts.

The country has roughly 21 judges per million people against a long-recommended 50 per million.

Nearly 76% of prison inmates are undertrials awaiting verdicts, not convicts.

National Lok Adalats settled over 4 crore cases in 2024, showing alternatives can work at scale.

Experts back filling vacancies, court managers, mediation and an All India Judicial Service.

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