Three-Line Whip: The Order an Indian MP Can't Ignore

A whip is both a person (the party's floor manager) and a written order telling members how to vote

Three underlines mean strict: be present and vote the party line, no exceptions

Defying a three-line whip can trigger disqualification under the Tenth Schedule and cost an MP their seat

No whip can bind a member in the secret-ballot elections for President and Vice-President

The party can forgive a defying member within 15 days and cancel the disqualification